High-level VW executives could face U.S. charges, report says

Schmidt, 48, appeared in U.S. District Court in Miami on Monday. He did not enter a plea and was ordered held pending a hearing on Thursday by U.S. Magistrate Judge William C. Turnoff.

Schmidt, who was shackled and wearing a jail uniform, was charged with fraud and conspiracy in not disclosing a cheating device used to rig U.S. diesel emissions tests from 2006 through 2015. He was arrested on Saturday at Miami airport after attempting to return to Germany from a vacation, the Justice Department said. Schmidt's lawyer David Massey said Schmidt had learned of the investigation and reached out to the FBI to offer to cooperate. Schmidt then met with FBI agents in London last year, he said.

The FBI complaint said VW employees assured VW executive management that U.S. regulators were not aware of the defeat device," the complaint said. "Rather than advocate for disclosure of the defeat device to U.S. regulators, VW executive management authorized its continued concealment."

Schmidt and other VW employees prepared a chart with possible consequences from a meeting with California regulators. One of the "negative for VW" consequences was "there could be an 'indictment,'" the complaint says.

• Download PDF, above right, for FBI complaint

VW said it could not comment on an ongoing legal matter. "Volkswagen continues to cooperate with the Department of Justice as we work to resolve remaining matters in the United States," the company said in a statement Monday. "It would not be appropriate to comment on any ongoing investigations or to discuss personnel matters.”

Cooperating witnesses

According to an affidavit filed by FBI Special Agent Ian Dinsmore, internal VW emails and accounts from two anonymous cooperating witnesses from inside VW's engine development department and from James Liang, an engine department employee who pleaded guilty to fraud charges in September 2016, provided enough evidence to charge Schmidt.

When the evidence first arose that something was off with VW's diesel engines, Schmidt wrote an email to another executive questioning whether the company should confess. "It should first be decided whether we are honest," he wrote. "If we are not honest, everything stays as it is."

After several meetings in Germany, Virginia, Michigan and California, Schmidt and other executives in August 2015 came up with a plan to conceal the defeat device from regulators. Schmidt wrote an email to another VW manager explaining that one employee would not be coming to a meeting with California regulators "so he would not have to consciously lie."

The complaint reads: "Nevertheless, in the summer of 2015, Schmidt agreed to travel to the United States to participate in direct conversations with U.S. regulators in which he intended to, and did, deceive and mislead U.S. regulators by offering reasons for the discrepancy other than the fact that VW was intentionally cheating U.S. emissions tests, in order to allow VW to continue to sell diesel vehicles in the United States."

An unnamed witness, referred to in the complaint as "CW1" met with California regulators on Aug. 19, 2015 and "disclosed, in direct contravention of instructions from his management, that certain VW diesel vehicles used different emissions treatment depending on whether the vehicles were on the (testing) dynamometer or on the road, thereby effectively admitting that VW had cheated U.S. emissions tests."

Schmidt headed the company's regulatory compliance office in the U.S. from 2014 to March 2015. In March 2015, Schmidt was promoted to a more senior management position within Volkswagen and returned to the company's headquarters in Germany.

No extradition

The U.S. affidavit against Schmidt lays out what could be a road map to charges against higher-level executives. The German constitution bars extradition of German nationals to foreign countries other than European Union members states. The law allows it to hand over Germans to international tribunals such as the The Hague-based International Criminal Court.

If German nationals leave their home country, they could face the fate of German hedge fund manager Florian Homm, who in 2013 traveled from Germany to Italy only to be arrested at the Uffizi Gallery in Florence on U.S. charges.

Most senior VW officials are not attending this year's Detroit auto show, which is taking place this week. VW Group CEO Matthias Mueller stayed away from the show. VW brand chief Diess was the company's most senior representative.

VW admitted in September that it installed secret software that allowed U.S. vehicles to emit up to 40 times legally allowable pollution levels. The company initially blamed a small group of "rogue engineers" for the test-cheating, and has repeatedly said no current or former board members were involved.

Christiaan Hetzner, Reuters and Bloomberg contributed to this report