Automakers from Fiat to Volkswagen and Daimler to Renault lost a combined 20 billion euros developing and selling models ranked in a top 10 list of the European auto industry's most “catastrophic” failures of the past 15 years.
Some of the cars that flopped, such as the Fiat Stilo, Peugeot 1007 and Jaguar X-Type, caused the companies that built them severe financial difficulties. Others, such as the Bugatti Veyron, Smart ForTwo and Volkswagen Phaeton, swallowed huge sums of money.