European automakers are on edge about the friendly reception they believe Chinese disruptors are getting in the region compared with the treatment they receive in China.

The Renault 4 concept was one of the most-anticipated reveals, while the Jeep Avenger and Peugeot 408 had their public debuts. China's Great Wall and BYD intensified their push into Europe at the show.

While the Peugeot 408 retains some SUV details, the brand hopes its styling will attract consumers looking for more originality.

The production version of the Jeep Avenger 4x4 Concept will mark the first time engineers have applied electric motors to create all-wheel-drive capability.

The 4ever Trophy draws its influence from the original Renault 4, a rugged front-wheel-drive hatchback that was built in the millions from the early 1960s to the early 1990s.

The Kangoo E-Tech compact van, revealed at the Paris auto show, will reach customers early in 2023. Range will be 285 km (177 miles). 

The EQE SUV gives Mercedes a model to compete with the BMW iX, and upcoming battery-electric models such as the Volvo EX90, Range Rover and Maserati Grecale Folgore.