Retail

Hyundai and Toyota navigated the chip shortage to record big gains, while VW, Mercedes and Renault suffered losses in volume and market shares.

The Chinese-built minicar, launched in select markets, helped Renault's budget brand increase sales in a difficult year.

Microchip shortages hit sales of the Renault brand, while Dacia and Lada sales increased.

Tesla will soon open a factory in Texas to feed U.S. demand for its premium EVs. But even without the new plant, the automaker may have already snatched the luxury crown from BMW.